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CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE STUDY 15 2.4 Properties of CO2 It is important to understand the properties and characteristics of carbon dioxide (R 744) for the design of refrigeration systems. At ambient temperatures and pressures, CO2 is in its vapour phase. In solid state CO2 will directly sublime into its vapour condition if the pressure is below 5.1 bar. CO2 is present in the atmosphere at concentration levels of about 380ppm, where one ppm is equivalent to one cubic centimetre per cubic meter. Air that is exhaled by humans contains about 4% carbon dioxide. CO2 is widely available since it occurs naturally and is also a by-product of fossil fuel combustion and also industrial applications. CO2 will not support combustion or burn on its own therefore air with a carbon dioxide content of more than 10% will extinguish an open flame. Liquid or gaseous carbon dioxide that is stored under pressure will form dry ice through an auto refrigeration process if rapidly depressurized (Bensafi & Thonon, 2007). Figure 2.2 shows a comparison of evaporating pressures for conventional refrigerants including blends, HFCs and carbon dioxide. '-R744 I. :-R404A '-R410A I~ I~ '"PDF Image | CO2 HEAT PUMP Analysis
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
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