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CHAPTER 2: LITERA TURE 36 efficiently in subcritical operation. This means that a good seasonal COP is achievable with the use of CO2 as refrigerant (Pisano, s.a.). As mentioned earlier, the critical temperature of CO2 is around 31°C therefore if ambient air is used to coolon the high pressure side and it is available at 30°C for example, it will not be able to condense the CO2. Thus the refrigerant discharged from the compressor will be cooled as a supercritical fluid at a pressure higher than the critical pressure (Bensafi & Thonon, 2007). This cycle is illustrated in the Mollier diagram in figure 2.23. 1000 100 10 -500 Figure 2.23: A transcritical cycle using CO2 as refrigerant (Bensafi & Thonon, 2007). A transcritical cycle will therefore operate at pressures much higher than conventional systems. The high side pressure is no longer fixed by the cooling medium temperature or the flow rate of the refrigerant and therefore it is needed to control this parameter. It is also found that the more the refrigerant charge in the high pressure side, the higher the pressure will be (Bensafi & Thonon, 2007). When using a transcritical cycle the gas cooler pressure is not a function of the CO2 temperature because there is no relationship between temperature and pressure above the critical point. This means that the cycle can be operated at different values of high pressure which must be set by the control scheme i.e. the system pressure must be fixed by a control device so that the cycle can operate under its optimum condition (Bensafi & Thonon, 2007). A Techno-Economical Analysis of a CO2 Heat Pump. School ofMechanical Engiueering, North-West UniversityPDF Image | CO2 HEAT PUMP Analysis
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