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CHAPTER 6: CLOSURE 127 6. CLOSURE 6.1 Conclusions CHAPTER 6 This study aimed to start the research and development of CO2 as a refrigerant in a heat pump system at the North-West University. A thorough discussion of the refrigerant properties was done to acquire a better understanding of the topic. The main advantages of CO2 are that it is a natural refrigerant with zero ozone depleting potential (OOP), negligible global warming potential (GWP) and is also non-flammable and non-toxic. Worldwide there is a lot of pressure on governments to ensure that global warming is subdued and the phasing out of HFC and HCFC refrigerants are already implemented, stimulating thorough research for the implementation of environmentally friendly gasses. A critical issue of CO2 is its high operating pressure of up to 130 bar. This results in the development of CO2 components to be more difficult due to the risks that can" occur' when operating the system at these pressures. CO2 has a low critical point and will operate in a transcritical state when used for heat pump applications. It therefore makes use of a gas cooler on the high pressure side to cool down the refrigerant but will not condensate the refrigerant. The advantage with gas cooling is that water temperatures of up to 90°C is possible to achieve compared to the usual 60°C when working with conventional refrigerants. A CO2 heat pump system was characterized to determine the performance thereof under any operating condition. It was identified that the CO2 heat pump system efficiency depends on the gas cooler outlet temperature which is determined by inlet temperature of the water. A comparison between a CO2 heat pump system and R-22 heat pump system was done using an ILH system as a reference for energy consumption. A Techno-Economical Analysis ofa ca, Heat Pump. School ofMechanical Engineering, North-West UniversityPDF Image | CO2 HEAT PUMP Analysis
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