CO2 Heat Pump Performance

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CO2 Heat Pump Performance ( co2-heat-pump-performance )

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The sensitivity studies presented in this article allow the comparison of R410A and CO2 based systems where process parameters such as compressor efficiency vary with the refrigerant used. For example, Figure 11 shows CO2 to have higher COP for space heating to water heating ratios less than 0.7 when the compressor efficiency for both CO2 and R410A is 70 %, whereas if the efficiency of the R410A compressor is 65 % a CO2 based system has higher COP up to ratios of around 0.9. Future work is needed to understand how differences in CO2 and R410A equipment performance will affect the COP. The optimization model is also used to investigate the COP gain made by introducing an ejector. Modelling of integrated heat pumps with multiple gas coolers and an ejector has not been studied in detail before. Results computed in this article show that the gain in COP is small (less than 3%) for R410A. For CO2, the ejector gain can be up to 11 %, and the gain in space heating mode is more than double the gain in DHW mode. Hence, a CO2-based integrated heat pump with an ejector is a recommended heating system for modern, well insulated, low-energy buildings. REFERENCES Arpagaus, C., Bless, F., Schiffmann, J., Bertsch, S.S., 2016. Multi-temperature heat pumps: A literature review. International Journal of Refrigeration 69, 437-465. Banasiak, K., Hafner, A., Andresen, T., 2012. Experimental and numerical investigation of the influence of the two-phase ejector geometry on the performance of the R744 heat pump. International Journal of Refrigeration 35(6), 1617-1625. Banasiak, K., Hafner, A., Kriezi, E.E., Madsen, K.B., Birkelund, M., Fredslund, K., Olsson, R., 2015. Development and performance mapping of a multi-ejector expansion work recovery pack for R744 vapour compression units. International Journal of Refrigeration 57, 265-276. Bell, I.H., Wronski, J., Quoilin, S., Lemort, V., 2014. Pure and Pseudo-pure Fluid Thermophysical Property Evaluation and the Open-Source Thermophysical Property Library CoolProp. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 53(6), 2498-2508. Bitzer. Online compressor software Accesed April 2018. Blanco, D.L., Nagano, K., Morimoto, M., 2012. Steady state vapor compression refrigeration cycle simulation for a monovalent inverter-driven water-to-water heat pump with a desuperheater for low energy houses. International Journal of Refrigeration 35(7), 1833-1847. Boccardi, G., Botticella, F., Lillo, G., Mastrullo, R., Mauro, A.W., Trinchieri, R., 2017. Experimental investigation on the performance of a transcritical CO2 heat pump with multi-ejector expansion system. International Journal of Refrigeration 82, 389-400. Brodal, E., Jackson, S., Eiksund, O., 2018. Transient model of an RSW system with CO2 refrigeration – A study of overall performance. International Journal of Refrigeration 86, 344-355. Byrne, P., Miriel, J., Lenat, Y., 2009. Design and simulation of a heat pump for simultaneous heating and cooling using HFC or CO2 as a working fluid. International Journal of Refrigeration 32(7), 1711- 1723. Chen, Y.-G., 2016. Pinch point analysis and design considerations of CO2 gas cooler for heat pump water heaters. International Journal of Refrigeration 69, 136-146. Ding, H., Sun, H., Sun, S., Chen, C., 2017. Analysis and optimisation of a mixed fluid cascade (MFC) process. Cryogenics 83, 35-49. Eiksund, O., Brodal, E., Jackson, S., 2018. Optimization of Pure-Component LNG Cascade Processes with Heat Integration. Energies 11(1), 202. Elbel, S., Hrnjak, P., 2008. Experimental validation of a prototype ejector designed to reduce throttling losses encountered in transcritical R744 system operation. International Journal of Refrigeration 31(3), 411-422. Elbel, S., Lawrence, N., 2016. Review of recent developments in advanced ejector technology. International Journal of Refrigeration 62, 1-18. 17

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