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The sensitivity studies presented in this article allow the comparison of R410A and CO2 based systems where process parameters such as compressor efficiency vary with the refrigerant used. For example, Figure 11 shows CO2 to have higher COP for space heating to water heating ratios less than 0.7 when the compressor efficiency for both CO2 and R410A is 70 %, whereas if the efficiency of the R410A compressor is 65 % a CO2 based system has higher COP up to ratios of around 0.9. Future work is needed to understand how differences in CO2 and R410A equipment performance will affect the COP. The optimization model is also used to investigate the COP gain made by introducing an ejector. Modelling of integrated heat pumps with multiple gas coolers and an ejector has not been studied in detail before. Results computed in this article show that the gain in COP is small (less than 3%) for R410A. For CO2, the ejector gain can be up to 11 %, and the gain in space heating mode is more than double the gain in DHW mode. Hence, a CO2-based integrated heat pump with an ejector is a recommended heating system for modern, well insulated, low-energy buildings. REFERENCES Arpagaus, C., Bless, F., Schiffmann, J., Bertsch, S.S., 2016. Multi-temperature heat pumps: A literature review. International Journal of Refrigeration 69, 437-465. Banasiak, K., Hafner, A., Andresen, T., 2012. Experimental and numerical investigation of the influence of the two-phase ejector geometry on the performance of the R744 heat pump. International Journal of Refrigeration 35(6), 1617-1625. Banasiak, K., Hafner, A., Kriezi, E.E., Madsen, K.B., Birkelund, M., Fredslund, K., Olsson, R., 2015. Development and performance mapping of a multi-ejector expansion work recovery pack for R744 vapour compression units. International Journal of Refrigeration 57, 265-276. Bell, I.H., Wronski, J., Quoilin, S., Lemort, V., 2014. Pure and Pseudo-pure Fluid Thermophysical Property Evaluation and the Open-Source Thermophysical Property Library CoolProp. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 53(6), 2498-2508. Bitzer. Online compressor softwarePDF Image | CO2 Heat Pump Performance
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