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Based on this analysis, the hot water delivered averages approximately 20 gallons per unit per day (Figure 11). The occupancy of Site is reported by the owner to be one person per apartment unit. Based on this, the water usage is a little higher than measured in previous multifamily studies from larger market-rate workforce buildings which reported 13-19 GPD per person (Heller 2015). This may be due to the building’s senior demographic, resulting in the occupants spending more time at home compared to multifamily buildings with working occupants who spend more time away from the building. The ninety-fifth percentile of daily flow volumes, indicate that, on occasion, an average of more than 25 gallons per unit per day can be used by occupants. The highest average daily usage was 35 gallons per unit per day – almost double the average for this building. This highlights the importance of including some amount of back-up heat capacity for HPWH systems. Without back-up heat capacity the HPWH system would need to be sized to provide nearly double the typical demand to ensure that occupants have unlimited hot water throughout the year. DHW System Performance The main performance metric of interest for this field study is the DHW system performance. This includes the primary water heating and the temperature maintenance heating equipment (as well as any backup heating equipment) and is intended to capture all energy inputs and outputs of the water heating and distribution (recirculation) system. Figure 11. Daily Hot Water Used by Occupants (GPD/apartment) BONNEVILLE POWER ADMINISTRATION 15PDF Image | CO2 Heat Pump Water Heater Multifamily Retrofit
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