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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Objectives The environmental concerns related to the currently used refrigerants have led to research on climate friendly refrigerants. The objective of this research is to analyze the application of heat pumps, which use natural refrigerants such as CO2 for commercial buildings with a simultaneous heating and cooling load. The heat rejected by the electrical equipment in commercial buildings, such as data centers, can be used as a source to provide district heating to the near-by buildings. The cooling load of a data center on the Purdue University campus and the heating load of the building in which the data center resides is collected. Based on the simultaneous heating and cooling load, a model is created to determine the total primary energy savings compared to the current conventional system. Various other commercial buildings such as hotels and hospitals are evaluated using the model to determine the scope of primary energy savings, leading to other environmental and economic benefits. 1.2. Current Refrigerants The first practical refrigeration system can be dated back to 1834, which used ethyl ether as a refrigerant. This invention was followed by several compression refrigeration systems, which used natural refrigerants such as ammonia, water and CO2. However, use of these refrigerants posed technical and safety concerns. Hence, the focus shifted to discovering inexpensive, non-flammable and non-toxic refrigerants which had lesser engineering challenges. In April 1930, the development of the fluorocarbon refrigerants was announced. Commercial chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) production began with R-12 and continued 1PDF Image | CO2 HEAT PUMPS FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDING APPLICATIONS
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
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