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CHAPTER 4. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS After the successful phase out schedules of the ozone depleting refrigerants, such as CFC’s and HCFC’s, the concentration has shifted to lowering the harmful effects of substances that have high global warming potential. The phenomenon of Global Warming is a very critical issue and has been rightly receiving much social, economic and scientific interest. The fluorinated gases contribution to global warming is currently only 3% of the total greenhouse gas emissions (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2015). Velders et al., 2009 projects that the contribution of HFC’s to global warming will amount to 45% by 2050. However, decisions should not be based only by comparing the global warming potential of the refrigerants. Refrigerants contribute directly as well as indirectly to the global warming phenomenon. Direct impact is a result of the global warming potentials developed by the Inter Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) that uses carbon dioxide as a reference gas. Indirect emissions are a consequence of the CO2 emissions emitted while producing the power required by the equipment. Hence, energy efficiency of the equipment using different refrigerants should not be ignored. This research will utilize the concept of Total-Equivalent Warming Potential (TEWI) to compare the proposed technology with the conventional system. TEWI can be defined as in Equation (4.1). TEWIr GWPr*Lr*nGWPr*massr*(1r)n*Er* (4.1) Parameters mentioned in Table 4-1 are used to calculate the TEWI for the proposed CO2 heat pump system and the R410A chillers used to supply chilled 40PDF Image | CO2 HEAT PUMPS FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDING APPLICATIONS
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
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