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60,00 50,00 40,00 30,00 20,00 10,00 0,00 -15 -12 -9 -6 -3 0 T_outdoor (°C) 1.9kW/delta T=5K/0.33m3/h 2.9kW/delta T=5K/0.49m3/h 3kW/delta T=8K/0.33m3/h 4.7kW/delta T=8K/0.49m3/h Figure 19. Radiator inlet temperature vs. outdoor temperature The different values of COP calculated in the charts are system COP, which are calculated as: COP = QRadiatorHeatDemand Equation 1 WHeatPump Comparing the data with the same heating demand at different outdoor temperatures, one can notice that the system COP is decreasing with decreasing outdoor temperature in general (except the 1.9 kW data, for which the testing condition was not as stable as others due to the very small heating demand from the radiator). Comparing the data with the same temperature difference but different heating demand, one can notice that the temperature of the water delivered to the heat pump from the water tank has a more crucial influence on system COP than other parameters. Comparing the data with 8K temperature difference, the system COP is higher for the 4.7 kW case. This is due to the reason that 4.7 kW is higher than the heat pump capacity at these conditions which results in a steadily decrease of water temperature in the tank, i.e energy from the tank is delivered to the building and conditions are not stable. As mentioned before, the advantage of the CO2 heat pump in heating up tap water with a large temperature glide and the high throttling losses for operating points near the critical point, a low water return temperature and a large temperature lift will result in a relatively higher COP improvement for CO2 heat pumps than for conventional ones. The results also indicate that CO2 heat pumps will fit houses where there is a large temperature drop in the radiator system (a low water flow rate) or for applications where there is a relatively large demand for hot tap water compared to the space heating demand. 28 T_radiator(°C)PDF Image | CO2 heat pumps for the Swedish market
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