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HPWH Performance Report While both the Sanden and Rheem HPWHs performed well during field testing, the Sanden units performed with higher aCOPs than the Rheem units, particularly at lower outside air temperatures (OAT) as seen in Figure 2. The difference in performance at low OAT is due to the Sanden heat pumps ability to operate with conditions as low as -29°C while the Rheem switches to electric resistance heating at 2.8°C according to the manufacturer specifications which are summarized in Table 2. Figure 2: Weekly COP vs. Outside Air Temperature Table 2: Rated & Field-Tested Operating Temperatures 1.2 Installation Cost and Complexity The cost and complexity of the installation of the two technologies differs significantly. The Sanden units cost on average over $4,000 more than the Rheem units due to a higher cost of equipment and increase in installation costs. The Rheem is designed with an integrated heat pump and water heater to be a “drop in” replacement for a standard electric water heater. However, when ducted to avoid interactive effects, the suitable unit locations become limited and the installation becomes more complicated than a standard electric water heater. For this reason, to be a truly “drop in” replacement for a wide range of residences, unducted units in unconditioned or semi-conditioned spaces are preferable. The Sanden units are a split system with the heat pump located outside necessitating two dedicated electrical circuits being run to the outside unit for the unit power and for freeze protection. These factors lead to an additional 10+ labor hours, required electrical permits and an average incremental cost of $5,955 relative to a standard electric water heater. Table 3 shows a descriptive summary of the relative complexity and cost of each unit. Manufacture r Minimum Heat Pump Ope rating T e mpe ra t ure Average Outside T e mpe ra t ure During Field Test Average HDD (18°C Base) aCOP Sanden -29°C 7.2°C 3,911 2.69 Rheem 2.8°C 13.0°C 2,875 1.79 2PDF Image | CO2 Integrated Heat Pump Water Heater
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