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Energies 2019, 12, 479 13 of 17 Figure 9. HPWHs electric consumption wel dependence on water inlet temperatureTw,in. Series obtained for constant Tw,out = 55 ◦C and ∆TPP = 5 ◦C . A wider perspective can be observed in Figures 10 and 11, in which the dependence of COP and specific work has been represented as a function of Tw,in and T0. It can be seen that the range of operation is divided in two regions: one in which the CO2 performance is better than the R410A and another in which the R410A improves the CO2. The line of intersection represents equal performance, and its projection on the horizontal plane (Tw,in, T0) is the line of equal performance operating conditions (EPOC). Although the position of the EPOC may vary if other heat pump models of similar technology are considered, the variation should be small, given that the EPOC is determined more by their behaviour against ambient and water inlet temperatures than by their actual performance, and the former derives directly from the cycle topologies and the refrigerants used. The EPOC for larger systems, however, with more complex topologies, such as the ones analysed in [13], or for other applications [28], should be recalculated, as the behaviour of the heat pumps can differ significantly to the ones considered here, affecting the slopes for the COP and wel. Figure 10. HPWHs COP dependence on water inlet temperature Tw,in and ambient temperature, T0. The intersection separating a region of better CO2 than R410A performance is highlighted.PDF Image | Comparison of Transcritical CO2 and Conventional Refrigerant Heat Pump
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