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Energies 2019, 12, 479 14 of 17 Figure 11. HPWHs electric consumption wel dependence on water inlet temperature Tw,in and ambient temperature, T0. It is interesting to study the EPOC more carefully, as shown in Figure 12. Below the line, the better performance is given by the CO2 heat pump, while, over the line, the R410A. It can be observed that the coolest of the studied cases (T0 = 24 ◦C, Tw,in = 20 ◦C) falls in the lower region (CO2) and that the warmest (T0 = 27 ◦C, Tw,in = 35 ◦C) clearly in the upper (R410A). Figure 12. Line of equal performance conditions (EPOC). 4. Conclusions The performance of transcritical CO2 heat pumps depends critically on their conditions of operation, while the performance of the R410A is more uniform across the range. CO2 heat pumps cannot be ruled out as a design alternative for the NZEB system considered here, in which evaporator temperatures are warmer than the ambient, and thus the compression ratio of the heat pumps is moderate. Thus, to decide on the technology, it is necessary to consider the actual application. A valuable tool has been developed in this study, namely equal performance operating conditions (EPOC), which divides the range of operating conditions in two regions, depending on which technology is the betterPDF Image | Comparison of Transcritical CO2 and Conventional Refrigerant Heat Pump
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