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Dynamic Modelling and Validation of an Air-to-Water Reversible R744

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Dynamic Modelling and Validation of an Air-to-Water Reversible R744 ( dynamic-modelling-and-validation-an-air-to-water-reversible- )

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Energies 2021, 14, 8238 4 of 25 evaporator (Evaporator(2)), which cool down a water stream matching the temperature profile. An extra brazed-plate gas-cooler is included for domestic hot water production. Figure 1. Operating scheme of the refrigerating system. Table 1. Geometric dimensions of the system main components as named in Figure 1. Component Compressors(1) Compressor(2) Gas-cooler(1) Gas-cooler(2) IHX Gas-cooler/Evaporator LPR Evaporator(1) Evaporator(2) BPV EEV(1) Measurement Power Temperature Pressure Mass flow rate, CO2 Mass flow rate, water Geometric Dimensions/Characteristics Reciprocating, semi-hermetic, single stage compressor. Displacement volume 180.6 cm3 and 205.0 cm3. Allowable suction pressure: 14.3 bar < pasp < 50.8 bar; Maximum discharge pressure: pdischarge < 135 bar Counter flow, single pass brazed-plate heat exchanger. Heat transfer area of 8.90 m2 Counter flow, single pass brazed-plate heat exchanger. Heat transfer area of 7.42 m2 Counter flow, tube-in-tube type heat exchanger. Heat transfer area: Low pressure side 0.20 m2, high pressure side 0.22 m2 Finned coil heat exchanger, external area 491.00 m2, internal area 62.4 m2. Low pressure receiver. Internal volume of 0.155 m3 Counter flow, single pass brazed-plate heat exchanger. Heat transfer area of 7.62 m2 Counter flow, single pass brazed-plate heat exchanger. Heat transfer area of 10.90 m2 Electrically operated step motor valve. Maximum opening diameter 4.8 mm Electrically operated step motor valve. Maximum opening diameter 9.5 mm Table 2 reports the accuracy of the instruments used to monitor the system. Table 2. Accuracy of the instruments. Instrument Three phase network analyser and current transformer T-type thermocouple Pressure transducer Coriolis flowmeter Electromagnetic flowmeter Accuracy 0.5% FS (FS = 130 kW) ±0.2 K ±0.24 bar ±0.1% reading (liquid) ±0.5% reading (vapour) 1% reading

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Dynamic Modelling and Validation of an Air-to-Water Reversible R744

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