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DEFINITION OF TERMS Air-source heat pump (ASHP): ASHPs, electrically or gas-driven, absorb heat from the ambient environment when operating in heating mode and reject heat to the ambient environment when operating in cooling mode. The ambient environment in which the heat pump is wholly or partially placed is most commonly outdoors, but in some cases can be indoors (e.g., heat pump water heaters). As refrigerants permit, air-to- air or direct expansion (DX) is possible, wherein the refrigerant directly transfers heat with a supply air stream. Otherwise heat from the refrigerant/working fluid is transferred with an intermediate fluid, which in turn provides space heating/cooling and/or S/DHW, as an air-to-water/brine heat pump. Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency (AFUE): An annual efficiency for space heating that is on a gas-input basis only (i.e., neglects electricity inputs and HHV), using a method defined for gas heat pumps by ANSI/CSA. Buying block: The aligning of a variety of organizations/ states to create market leverage and influence procurement, distribution and the supply channel. CCHP: Combined Cooling Heating and Power CEE: U.S. and Canadian consortium of gas and electric efficiency program administrators working together to accelerate the development and availability of energy-efficient products and services for lasting public benefit.2 Code: A code is enforceable by law or contract, written by a government or a government-approved body (e.g., the National Fuel Gas Code, NFPA 54). Often “model codes”, like NFPA 54, are referenced by authorities having jurisdiction (AHJ) and thus, enforceable by law. Coefficient of Performance (COPGas): A ratio of useful heating or cooling provided to gas input required. Commercial equipment: Equipment with less than 400 kBtu/hr input. Decoupled: Disassociate or “decouple” LDC profits from total electric or gas sales; a mechanism often used in the U.S. for LDCs to remove financial barriers to energy efficiency programs. 2Source: https://www.cee1.org Domestic/service hot water: Often abbreviated as “DHW” or “SHW”, this refers to heating potable water, with “domestic” and “service” referring to residential and commercial applications, respectively. Equipment providing S/DHW must meet specific design requirements for potable water safety in addition to withstanding operating issues associated with operating as an open system (e.g., scale, corrosion, etc.). Emerging technology: A term used to describe a new technology entering the market, but can also refer to the continuing development of an existing technology. EU: European Union Executive level: C-suite-level executive in an organization or a representative who can speak to the overarching business drivers, goals, vision and strategies for natural gas in a low carbon future. First cost: Equipment cost Gas combustion process: A chemical process in which a gaseous fuel reacts with oxygen to give off heat. Gas heat pumps (GHPs): A subset of heat pumps whose primary input drive energy is a gaseous fuel, instead of an electrically-driven compressor. Gas Utilization Efficiency (GUE): More commonly used in Europe, GUE inputs are handled on a Lower Heating Value (LHV) basis, resulting in a ~10% higher rating than the COPGas on a Higher Heating Value (HHV) basis. Heating Value: Maximum potential heat release during combustion of a fuel, on a mass or volumetric basis (e.g., kJ/kg or Btu/ft3), where products of combustion are brought down to standard temperature and pressure. Heat pump: A class of HVAC equipment that moves heat from cold source to warm sink, moving heat “uphill”. Often heat pumps can operate reversibly, using a reversing valve or other means, to provide air conditioning (A/C) and space heating with the same product. If heat recovery is employed (using a desuperheater to cool the refrigerant, for example), the heat pump can also provide S/DHW. Heat pumps generally involve the use of a refrigerant and, hence, are based on refrigeration cycles. Presented by: Brio and GTI 11PDF Image | GAS HEAT PUMP TECHNOLOGY AND MARKET ROADMAP
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