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Heat Pump Systems 2020

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Heat Pump Systems 2020 ( heat-pump-systems-2020 )

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to meet the house’s heating load. When the outdoor temperature is lower than 28oF, some amount of supplemental heat will be required. Taking this analysis further requires data for outdoor temperatures over the heating season. CLIMATE CONSIDERATIONS The next step in answering questions related to seasonal performance is to combine the performance information for the heat pump and house with climate data for Boston. Because the heating capacity of an air-to-water heat pump is highly dependent on outdoor air temperature, its seasonal performance will depend on the time during which the heat pump operates at different outdoor temperatures. Data for long-term averages of hourly outdoor temperature is readily available for hundreds of locations in North America. Sources for this data include: • ACCA manual J • ASHRAE Weather Data Viewer software Figure 5-4 shows an example of “bin” temperature data for Boston, MA. In this case, the “bins” are 5oF wide. Each vertical bar gives the number of hours that the outdoor temperature falls within the specified range, based on long-term average values for those temperatures. On any specific year, the number of hours in each bin may be higher or lower than the long-term average. The outdoor design temperature in Boston is 9oF. Notice how many hours correspond to outdoor temperatures significantly higher than this design temperature. This implies that most of the heating occurs under partial load conditions. If internal heat gains are minimal, and thermostat setbacks are not used, space heating loads can be modeled as being approximately proportional to the difference between the indoor setpoint temperature and the outdoor temperature. This allows the heating load to be calculated as a percentage of design heating load using the average outdoor temperature for each bin. Figure 5-5 shows a Figure 5-4 900 675 450 225 0 Hours in bin (hours) temperature bin (oF) 40 -20 ≤ -15 -15 ≤ -10 -10 ≤ -5 -5 ≤ 0 0≤5 5 ≤ 10 10 ≤ 15 15 ≤ 20 20 ≤ 25 25 ≤ 30 30 ≤ 35 35 ≤ 40 40 ≤ 45 45 ≤ 50 50 ≤ 55 55 ≤ 60 60 ≤ 65 65-70 hours in this bin

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