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F. Ju et al. , Q W H U Q D W L R Q D O - R X U Q D O R I 7 K H U P D O 6 Fig. 1. Physical characteristics versus mass fraction of R744 Xf. (a) Critical temperature tcr and critical pressure Pcr, and (b) normal boiling point tnb and temperature glide Tg. 22.0 mm × 1.0 mm and 12.7 mm × 0.75 mm respectively. Both con- denser and evaporator are countercurrent types to take full advantage of the temperature glide of the blend by reducing the mean temperature differences between the refrigerant and secondary fluids, which could lead to an improvement on the COP or exergy efficiency of heat pump system [31]. The refrigerant flowed in the inner tube and the secondary fluids flowed through the annular channels. The sight glasses were re- spectively installed at the exit of the condenser and the entrance of the compressor to observe the according states of working fluids. A dry filter was installed before the expansion valve to protect expansion valve and the compressor by removing water and impurities. Charging valve for refrigerant was located in the suction of the compressor. The condenser, evaporator, a dry filter and connecting copper tubes were heavily insulated with polyurethane foams in order to reduce heat dissipation to the ambient. The heat sink loop contains a cooling water reservoir with built in a refrigeration unit, pump, hand valve and condenser. And the heat source loop is composed of a heating water reservoir with built in the 3PDF Image | heat pump water heater using R744
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