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Heat Pumps for Heating and Cooling 1.8. • The seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER) − SEER (seasonal energy efficiency ratio) measures how efficiently a smaller residential air conditioner or heat pump operates over an entire cooling season, as opposed to a single outdoor temperature. As with EER, a higher SEER reflects a more efficient cooling system. SEER is the ratio of the total amount of cooling Btu's the system provides over the entire season divided by the total number of watt-hours it consumes. The SEER is based on a climate with an average summer temperature of 28°C. The heating seasonal performance factor (HSPF) − HSPF (heating seasonal performance factor) measures how efficiently heat pumps operate in heating mode over an entire heating season. It is like SEER but for heating. The higher the HSPF, the more efficient the system. HSPF is calculated by dividing the total number of Btu's of heat delivered over the heating season by the total number of watt-hours of electricity required to deliver that heat. Thermal balance point − The thermal balance point is the temperature at which the amount of heating provided by the heat pump equals the amount of heat lost from the building. At this point, the heat pump capacity matches the full heating needs of the building. Below this temperature, supplementary heat is required from another source. Hot and Cold Source • • The external medium from which heat is recovered is called a cold source. In the heat pump the refrigerant absorbs heat from the cold source by means of the evaporator. The cold source can be ambient air, earth, ground or surface water. The medium to which the heat is transferred is called a hot source. In the heat pump, the refrigerant transfers both the heat drawn from the cold source and the heat energy supplied by the compressor to the hot source by means of the condenser. The hot source can be air or water. 13PDF Image | Heat Pumps for Heating and Cooling
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