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Heat Pumps for Heating and Cooling 2.3. Heating Capacity Normally, a heat pump is capable of delivering a maximum of about 1.25 times its cooling capacity as heating capacity. If it provides 100,000 BTUH of cooling, it will provide nearly 125,000 BTUH of heating at maximum capacity. However, maximum heating capacity occurs at 70oF outdoor temperatures, when we need it least. The ability of the heat pump to transfer heat from the outside air to the inside depends on the outdoor temperature. As the outside air temperature drops, the ability of the heat pump to absorb heat also drops. The minimum outdoor temperature at which a heat pump can satisfy the heating requirements of a space without the use of auxiliary electric heat is defined as the “Balance point.” This balance point is determined by plotting the heating requirement of the space at different outdoor temperatures, the heating capacity of the heat pump, and the lowest outdoor ambient design temperature. The place where the space heating requirement and heat pump output lines cross is the balance point. For any temperature below the balance point, supplemental heat will be required. The supplementary heat can be supplied by an oil, gas or electric furnace or in the form of electric-resistance heaters. Supplementary heating is energized only when the space heating load cannot be met by the capacity of the heat pump. ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-1999 stipulates heat pumps equipped with internal electrical resistance heaters shall have controls to prevent supplemental heater operation when the heating load can be met by the heat pump alone during heating or setback recovery. 19PDF Image | Heat Pumps for Heating and Cooling
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