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Heat Pumps for Heating and Cooling CHAPTER – 3 3. GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMPS (GSHP) In the previous chapter, we discussed the Air Source Heat Pumps (ASHP’s) that transfer heat between outdoor air and indoor air. What if we replaced the outdoor air with ground or never ending flow of water at a temperature between 75oF and 80oF? Ground-source or geothermal heat pumps (GSHPs) use the ground as the heat sink in the summer and heat source in the winter instead of outdoor air. These rely on the relative warmth of the earth for their heating and cooling production. Like ASHP, the GSHPs do not create heat; they simply move it from one area to another. 3.1. Operating Principle In this application, the underground pipe containing some fluid is pumped through long lengths of piping buried in the ground. The fluid is water or a mixture of water and antifreeze (for example glycol, brine etc.). The flowing fluid exchanges its heat with the earth and transfers it indoors. The transfer of heat from and to the piping is passive in that no external energy is required to heat and cool the loop water. Only a small circulation pump is needed to circulate the fluid in a closed loop. This type of system is advantageous because the ground temperature below the frost line remains both stable and warmer in winter than the outdoor air temperature. It is much easier to extract heat from 80°F water than 30°F cold outside air. Thus the capacity and efficiency of an Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) is not compromised during cold outside temperatures, which was the major limitation of Air Source Heat Pumps (ASHP). The pipes that make up the ground heat exchanger can be oriented in a vertical, horizontal, or spiral pattern. Any of these patterns can be designed to provide the same fluid temperatures under a given set of conditions. The choice depends on available land, soil conditions, and excavation costs. 31PDF Image | Heat Pumps for Heating and Cooling
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