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in a Group II). Most HFCs were included; HFC-161 was excluded on the basis of its GWP. Since one wanted to address high GWP HFCs, unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs, i.e., HFOs and HCFOs with low GWP, were not included. The HFC phase-down under the Kigali Amendment is a production-consumption phase-down expressed in CO2-equivalent tonnes (not in metric tonnes). In the reporting under the Montreal Protocol, all data regarding production, consumption, imports, exports (not emissions) of HFCs shall be given in CO2-equivalent tonnes and not in HFC mass quantities. Under the Amendment, non-Article 5 and Article 5 countries (parties) are each subdivided in two Groups (Groups 1 and 2) (see Fig. 1-1). Non-Article 5 parties will start to phase down HFCs by 2019. A large amount of Article 5 countries will follow with a freeze of HFC production and consumption levels in 2024 (Group 1), with some Article 5 countries (defined in Group 2) that will not freeze HFC production and consumption until 2028. The baselines used consist of various combinations of HCFC and HFC production or consumption (in certain years), expressed in CO2-equivalent. The Kigali Amendment has entered into force on 1 January 2019, since it had been ratified by at least 20 parties to the Montreal Protocol (65 parties had ratified the Amendment by 1 January 2019). HFCs are given with Global Warming Potentials as listed in the IPCC AR4 report (IPCC, 2007), in a separate (new) Annex F to the Montreal Protocol. The Amendment also presents updated Annexes A and C that include GWPs of CFCs and HCFCs. In Annex F, it also mentions HFC-23 (in Group II), a chemical that mainly originates as a by-product in HCFC-22 production facilities. Table 1-1 presents the information contained in the Annex F (and updated Annexes A and C). Table 1-1: Annex F to the Montreal Protocol (left column) and GWP values for HCFCs and CFCs as given in Annexes A and C (right column) (UNEP, 2017) HFCs (Group I) HCFCs GWP GWP Substance (100 yr) Substance (100 yr) HFC-32 675 HCFC-21 151 HFC-41 92 HCFC-22 1810 HFC-125 3500 HCFC-123 77 HFC-134 1100 HCFC-124 609 HFC-134a 1430 HCFC-141b 725 HFC-143 353 HCFC-142b 2310 HFC-143a 4470 HCFC-225ca 122 HFC-152 53 HCFC-225cb 595 HFC-152a 124 HFC-227e a 3220 HFC-236cb 1340 HFC-236e a 1370 HFC-236fa 9810 CFCs HFC-245ca 693 Substance GWP (100 yr) HFC-245fa 1030 CFC-11 4750 HFC-365mfc 794 CFC-12 10 900 HFC-43-10mee 1640 CFC-113 6130 HFCs (Group II) CFC-114 10 000 HFC-23 14 800 CFC-115 7370 The GWP values listed in the new Annex F must be used for the conversion of HFC mass quantities to carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2-eq.) in all the reporting that countries will need to submit in relation to the implementation of the HFC control schedules. 2018 TOC Refrigeration, A/C and Heat Pumps Assessment Report 23PDF Image | Heat Pumps Technical Options
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