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Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer taking into consideration the outcome of the workshop described in paragraph 4 below; The Secretariat to organize a workshop on energy efficiency opportunities while phasing down hydrofluorocarbons at the fortieth meeting of the Open-ended Working Group. A TEAP Task Force was formed of 21 members (including 3 co-chairs, of which one RTOC co- chair); ten of them were RTOC members. The Task Force submitted its XXIX/10 Task Force report to OEWG-40 (TEAP, 2018). Parties then listed additional requests for a final Task Force report to MOP-30, which was submitted to MOP-30. The Ozone Secretariat organised the workshop on energy opportunities back to back with the 40th meeting of the Open-ended Working Group (this workshop was held in Vienna, preceding the OEWG-40 meeting). A report of the workshop is given in UNEP/OzL.Pro.WG.1/40/5 (meeting report of the OEWG-40, August 2018). On the energy efficiency issue, some more information is given in section 1.4 below. 1.4 The Energy Efficiency issue Energy (electricity) consumption for refrigeration and air conditioning has been increasing over the last years all over the world, where the developing countries are showing a much larger growth than the developed. The reasons for that include: • the increase in the number of RACHP products, • increasing penetration of refrigerators and freezers in homes, • population growth, • fast urbanization, • electrification and changes in consumer patterns, • the development of the cold chain (especially commercial refrigeration), and • increase of automobile air conditioning equipment (fuel consumption). The commercial building cooling demand in the cities will present a higher increase, due to higher levels of building insulation (in many cities), and the trend for modern buildings to have lower thermal mass, and larger glazed areas than traditional buildings. Additionally, there is the need to remove the internally generated heat, due to the rapid growth in the use of IT and other electronic systems in offices. According to the IIR (2017), the refrigeration and air conditioning (R/AC) sector consumes about 17% of the overall electricity used worldwide. This figure highlights the importance of the RACHP sector energy consumption, which is expected to grow further in the coming years. Additionally, there is the fact that global warming (i.e., climate change) will tend to increase the demand for cooling, particularly in major cities, where temperatures (i.e., in the so-called urban heat islands) are expected to increase much more than the global average. From a global view, most of the global warming impact of RACHP systems (80% according to the IIR (2017)) is associated with the generation of electricity to operate them (leading to indirect (CO2) emissions). A lower proportion comes from the emission of HFC refrigerants (hydrofluorocarbons), as well as from the emission of HCFC (hydrochlorofluorocarbon) refrigerants in countries that have not yet banned their use (i.e., the direct emissions). Of course, depending on the way the electricity is generated in a particular region or country (from renewable sources or from thermal power plants), this will be different (i.e., related to the indirect emissions). The efficiency of RACHP systems can be maximised by a large number of initiatives, thereby minimising their total global warming impact. 28 2018 TOC Refrigeration, A/C and Heat Pumps Assessment ReportPDF Image | Heat Pumps Technical Options
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