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namely HC-290 (propane), R-717 (ammonia), R-718 (water), and R-744 (carbon dioxide). Though popular in some countries, the total production of these chiller products is small when compared to the global production of all chillers. See Section 9.3.4 for additional detail. Large or small, air cooled or water cooled, and regardless of the refrigerant, the vast majority of chillers use some form of vapour compression using a compressor type that is appropriate to the size range and refrigerant properties. The two basic types of compressors are centrifugal and positive displacement compressors. For purposes of this report ‘centrifugal compressor’ includes devices whose rotating assemblies result in radial and mixed axial / radial flow compression. Axial-turbo compressors are typically used when water is the refrigerant and is used on a very limited basis. The positive displacement category includes reciprocating (piston), rotary, screw, and scroll compressors. Not all refrigerants can be used with all compressor types because of cost, design and manufacturing considerations and because compressors are designed for specific refrigerants and applications. Figure 9-1: Small Capacity Air Cooled Chiller Figure 9-2: Medium Capacity Air Cooled Chiller Figure 9-3: Large Water Cooled Chillers in a Mechanical Equipment Room See Figures 9-1, 9-2 and 9-3 for examples of air and water cooled chillers. Water-cooled positive- displacement chillers below 700 kW commonly employ direct-expansion (DX) shell-and-tube evaporators with chilled water on the shell side, or brazed plate evaporators. Large chillers above 700 kW typically use flooded/pool-boiler type, falling film, or spray evaporators with the refrigerant on the shell side of the tubes. For flooded falling film evaporators there is a limit on 2018 TOC Refrigeration, A/C and Heat Pumps Assessment Report 171 Large Water Cooled Centrifugal ChillersPDF Image | Heat Pumps Technical Options
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