PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 224
Selection criteria Factors / Properties and Impact Expected or needed development Flammability and decomposition after refrigerant releases Risks associated with improper use of flammable refrigerants Underestimation or low awareness of decomposition of fluorinated refrigerants during service Lack of local regulation, approval processes, building codes adapted to the refrigeration technology Better understanding of the importance of risks in terms of the frequency of a hazardous event and the severity of an event triggered by flammable refrigerants. Improved awareness of risks related to release fluorinated refrigerants Improved understanding of tolerable risk and general risk related to the life cycle of refrigeration equipment. Due to flammable nature of new (unsaturated HFC) and known refrigerants (such as HFC-32, HFC-152a, HC-290, HC-600a, NH3) it is expected that the application, design know-how, service practices and procedures, education, training, as well as adoption of technical standards for safe use of these flammable refrigerants will be developed within the next 3-5 years 16. Development and adoption of local regulatory processes. Increase of flammable refrigerants’ market share and know how to use them. Liability, responsibility Accidents due to improper handling of refrigerants Environmental damage Increase of claims for local damages Inclusion of economic product risks Increase of claims for environmental damages Shareholder disinvestment Inclusion of risk for environmental damages 1) Definitions according to IEC 61882: - Risk: Combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm - Harm: injury or damage to the health of people, or damage to property or the environment - Severity: significance or grading of the failure mode’s effect on item operation, on the item surrounding, or on the item operator; failure mode effect severity as related to the defined boundaries of the analysed system 11.4.2 Life Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP) Assessment tools taking into account impacts of refrigeration equipment on climate have been developed by different parties for different purposes. LCCP is a measure of the direct and indirect global warming impact of equipment. It is based on the total related emissions of greenhouse gases associated with the manufacturing, operation and disposal of the refrigerant, and the indirect emissions. Indirect emissions are the CO2 that is generated at the fossil fuel power plant when energy is consumed by the refrigeration equipment and for LCCP also includes other factors such as the energy consumed to obtain raw materials 16 Safety requirements for low-toxicity, flammable refrigerants classified as A2L, A2, and A3 are described in chapter 2 of this report 2018 TOC Refrigeration, A/C and Heat Pumps Assessment Report 211PDF Image | Heat Pumps Technical Options
PDF Search Title:
Heat Pumps Technical OptionsOriginal File Name Searched:
RTOC-assessment-report-2018_0.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
Heat Pumps CO2 ORC Heat Pump System Platform More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)