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Figure 11-2: Global energy demand by region for 2017 and forecast for 2040 (GEI, 2017, IEA 2018-2) Figure 11-3: World energy use for space cooling by subsector (IEA, 2018) The idea of the “circular economy”, supported by the UN, is “that we reuse more of what we already have”. It will mostly impact the systems already in operation because one will replace some equipment with previously used equipment. Expansion over the current installed base will eventually start from the top of the chain. The rule of thumb for refrigerant consumption as a general approach has been: 1/3 is for new installations and 2/3 is for service. An estimate for the average lifetime of the equipment in operation is equal to more than 15 to 20 years. 11.7.1 Sustainable equipment design From an engineering point of view, the design of components such as compressors or electrical drives has a possibility for limited improvement of a few percentage points in terms of efficiency compared to the ideal, theoretical efficiency. Compared to that, main improvements can be made 222 2018 TOC Refrigeration, A/C and Heat Pumps Assessment ReportPDF Image | Heat Pumps Technical Options
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
Heat Pumps CO2 ORC Heat Pump System Platform More Info
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