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extra care must be given to avoid such situations and to provide safety measures (e.g., ventilation) if the above occurs. Training on proper procedures is often based on cultural norms, e.g., through an apprenticeship program, otherwise it can be required by regulations. EU F-gas Regulation: Undertakings and natural persons carrying out the installation, servicing, maintenance, and repair or decommissioning of refrigeration and air conditioning equipment shall be certified and shall take precautionary measures to prevent leakage of fluorinated greenhouse gases. Operators of equipment that contains fluorinated greenhouse gases in quantities of 5 tonnes of CO2 equivalent or more shall ensure that the equipment is checked for leaks; appropriate records have to be kept for each piece of equipment. Recovery of F-Gas refrigerant is mandatory and one has to be make sure the refrigerant is recycled, reclaimed or destroyed. Member states have to ensure that training programmes exist as well as their adequate implementation. As of 1 January 2020, there will be a ban on the use of F-Gas with GWP ≥ 2500 for servicing and maintenance of refrigeration equipment with charge size ≥ 40 tons CO2 equivalent. Recycled F-Gas can be used until 1 January 2030, but only by the service company or the owner of the system itself. U.S. Clean Air Act Regulations: The U.S. Clean Air Act (CAA) prohibits knowingly venting or releasing CFC, HCFC and HFC refrigerants in the course of maintaining, servicing, repairing, or disposing of air conditioning and refrigeration equipment. In 2016, U.S. EPA finalised a rule that updated the existing refrigerant management requirements to HFCs extending requirements that previously applied only to CFCs / HCFCs. Recently the U.S. EPA proposed to revise the maintenance and leak repair provisions so they would only apply to equipment using CFCs and HCFCs. U.S. EPA is also taking comment on whether the HFC management requirements should be rescinded in full. Removing the required service practices for HFCs is inconsistent with the recommendations of sustainable refrigeration as described in this chapter. UNEP is partnering with industry associations to introduce a parallel and fast track qualification program that can support governments’ efforts to regulate the servicing sectors. The Refrigerants Driving License (RDL) is an initiative aiming at introducing a globally recognised qualification program for the sound management of refrigerants through setting the minimum qualification requirements for technicians in the R/AC service industry, and to create the international recognition of such a program by industry and governments (Ozone, 2017). 11.7.3 Sustainable cold chains Today’s food system is built upon refrigeration. For many foods, refrigeration is a feature of almost every stage in the supply chain (Garnett, 2011). Cold chain for perishable foods is “the uninterrupted handling of the product within a low temperature environment during the postharvest steps of the value chain including harvest, collection, packing, processing, storage, transport and marketing, until it reaches the final consumer” (Kitinoja, 2013). Its ultimate 2018 TOC Refrigeration, A/C and Heat Pumps Assessment Report 225PDF Image | Heat Pumps Technical Options
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