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According to table 13-2, most factors have a negligible influence, although for some refrigerants with borderline flammability the relative contribution to risk may be significant (although in absolute terms still minute) on account of changes in flammability characteristics. The most significant impact is that for a given leak hole size the mass flux of a release will be greater, potentially leading to larger flammable mixtures (depending upon the circumstances). The Phase-II of the PRAHA project has an element for developing a risk assessment module for HAT countries. 13.6 Testing and research programs Four research projects have been launched since 2012 to test units working with various refrigerant alternatives at HAT conditions: • “Promoting low GWP Refrigerants for Air-Conditioning Sectors in High-Ambient Temperature Countries” (PRAHA). Phase-I for testing five alternatives to HCFC-22 and R-410A in window units, mini-splits, ducted units and packaged units of various capacities. Units designed and built by six manufacturers in the Gulf countries and testing was done at an independent lab. Project finalised and report published in 2016 (PRAHA, 2016). Phase-II on risk assessment modules and design optimization is on-going; • “Egyptian Project for Refrigerant Alternatives” (EGYPRA). Launched in 2015, the project tests units built by eight Egyptian manufacturers working with eight alternatives to HCFC-22 and R-410A. Mini-split equipment with three different capacities, and one central packaged air conditioner with 35 kW capacity were locally designed, built and tested by the manufacturers, the testing witnessed by an independent consultant. Report to be made public in 2019; • Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) “High-Ambient-Temperature Evaluation Program for Low-Global Warming Potential (Low-GWP) Refrigerants”. Test 1 in 2015 tested ten alternatives to HCFC-22 and R-410A in two ductless mini-splits of equal capacity units at the ORNL facility. Units were soft optimised for the different refrigerants. A report was published in 2015 (ORNL, 2015). Test 2 in 2016 tested eight alternative refrigerants in two packaged units in a similar manner to Test 1. A report was published in 2016 (ORNL, 2016). • The AHRI Low GWP Alternative Refrigerants Evaluation Program (AREP) Phase-II tested seven alternative refrigerants to R-410A in various air conditioning machines either as drop-in or soft-optimised. The testing was done at the respective manufacturers’ premises. Reports were published in 2015 and 2016 (AREP, 2015). 266 2018 TOC Refrigeration, A/C and Heat Pumps Assessment ReportPDF Image | Heat Pumps Technical Options
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