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In this report, the GWP for low GWP replacement refrigerants was constructed as follows. In domestic refrigeration the use of isobutane was assumed with a very low GWP. In cases where the replacement refrigerant were known (ammonia, hydrocarbons) very low GWP factors were used. In case of commercial refrigeration one assumed (1) the use of either carbon dioxide, or pure low- GWP refrigerants or refrigerant blends in supermarkets, (2) the use of low GWP hydrocarbons in mass produced units, and (3) HFC-HFO blends or carbon dioxide in case of condensing units (with an average GWP of 300 assumed). For the stationary AC subsector as a whole, an average GWP of 300 was also used, where, on the other hand, MAC replacement refrigerants were assumed to have negligible GWP. The XXVI/9 Task Force report, in its Table 5-2, gave percentage ranges for most sub-sectors related to equipment, which was assumed to show different annual leakage percentages (e.g. in transport it would be refrigerated trucks, containers, other types of products, in stationary AC, one can separate between many types of equipment, each with specific leakage rates). Table 14-1: Lifetime and leakage per year for equipment assumed in the various R/AC sub- sectors for non-Article 5 and Article 5 Parties. The lifetimes and percentages in the two groups of countries vary dependent on the specific country (from the XXVI/9 TF report, Table 5-2). Country non-Article 5 Article 5 Sub-sector Domestic refrigeration Industrial refrigeration Transport refrigeration Commercial refrigeration Stationary AC Mobile AC Domestic refrigeration Industrial refrigeration Transport refrigeration Commercial refrigeration Stationary AC Mobile AC Lifetime (year) 15 15-30 9-30 15 10-25 15-16 20 15-30 9-30 20 10-25 15-20 Leakage/year 1% 15% 15-30% 15-30% 2-10% 10g/y for cars 15% for other 2% 15-30% 15-30% 15-40% 2-10% 10g/y for cars 10-20% other Depending on the application sector, uncertainties are different either because the activity data include different uncertainties or because emission factors may vary significantly from one country to the other. (RTOC, 2010) describes a simple approach that gives a quality index expressed in percentages. For activity data the market, the refrigerant charge and the equipment lifetime are the main elements that define the data quality. For emission factors, fugitive emissions and recovery efficiency at end of life are the two key parameters. Uncertainties on input parameters are based on expert judgements of the different sectors. The XXVI/9 TF report was the first Task Force report that gave a table containing these values. Table 14-2: Uncertainties on input parameters for the various RAC sub-sectors (from the XXVI/9 report, Table 5-3) Uncertainties on input Equipment market (a) Equipment lifetime (b) Equipment aver. charge (c) Emission rate (d) Recovery efficiency (e) MAC 2.50% 7.50% 2.50% 10.00% 10.00% Stat AC Industrial 2.50% 10% 2.50% 7.50% 12.50% 10% 7.50% 10% 7.50% 12.50% Transport 12.50% 2.50% 7.50% 7.50% 7.50% Comm. 7.50% 7.50% 7.50% 10% 12.50% Domestic 2.50% 12.50% 2.50% 12.50% 2.50% 2018 TOC Refrigeration, A/C and Heat Pumps Assessment Report 275PDF Image | Heat Pumps Technical Options
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