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Heat Pumps Technology Guide SEAI Table 1 Room type Above rooms with similar use Above rooms with different use or above unheated rooms Above external air Heat resistance 0.75 m2·K/W 1.25 m2·K/W 2.0 m2·K/W Underfloor heating systems in solid floors usually have a maximum flow temperature of around 50 °C, making them suitable for use with heat pumps. When a new underfloor heating system is designed to work with a heat pump, the flow temperature can be lowered by reducing the separation between the pipes in the floor. This improves the heat pump’s efficiency. It also means more pipework, which in turn increases the size and/or number of manifolds required. It is also possible to use a single concrete floor slab with underfloor heating. This configuration increases the amount of thermal mass, which results in a less reactive system. It is best suited to situations where less temperature variation is required in the space being heated (e.g. warehouses, care facilities and hospitals). 4.3.1. Suspended timber floors There are several methods of installing underfloor heating that can be used with suspended timber floors. Aluminium plates can be used to dissipate the heat across the underside of the floor, if required. Alternatively, using a dry mix of sand and cement increases thermal mass and distributes the heat. These systems are often designed to run at up to 70 °C, so it is likely that an existing system will have to be altered in order to be served by a heat pump. Top-up may be required from other types of heat emitters. In both cases, the heat output is lower than that of solid floors. Particular care needs to be taken when designing these systems for use with heat pumps, as there are often limits to the amount of additional heating capacity that can be added to the heat pump (e.g. the pipework spacing may be limited because of joists). It is important to check with an architect and/or engineer about which floor constructions are appropriate for a specific building. 4.3.2. Floor coverings The heat output from underfloor heating is significantly affected by the choice of floor covering. The more insulating the floor covering, the lower the output of the underfloor heating. This means either a higher flow temperature is required to heat the space, or the heat supply will be limited. Because of this, underfloor heating suppliers will specify maximum tog ratings for carpets and underlay. Solid and engineered woods can be used, but must be suitable for underfloor heating and within the range of thermal properties specified by the underfloor heating installer. The highest heat output from underfloor heating is achieved where the covering is stone or tiles, or where the screed is simply polished. This means lower flow temperatures than with wood or carpets are required, and heat pump system is therefore more efficient. In some buildings, stone, tile or screed may be the only floor covering that will allow underfloor heating and a heat pump to be used. 4.3.3. Retrofit Installing underfloor heating usually involves significant building work to avoid changing the floor level (so that existing stairs and doorways can be used). Therefore, installing underfloor heating on a property is usually only done in new builds or when an existing building is undergoing a major refurbishment. 20PDF Image | Heat Pumps Technology Guide
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