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TOPICAL ARTICLE Fig. 2: District heating sources share for BL 2050 and HRE 2050 scenarios. According to the HRE4 project, the European share of DH in the heating sector should increase from 12% (current values) to 50% by 2050. This is an important shift in the European heating sector, and it shows that DH can be cost-effective and essential to significantly reduce CO2 emissions in the energy sector. Three main scenarios were developed in the HRE4 project (see Figure 2): » BL 2015 – baseline scenario representing the current situation of the heating and cooling sector, based on data from 2015. » BL 2050 – this scenario represents the development of the baseline scenario under the current agreed po- licies regarding savings and RES, etc., but without any additional measures to improve the decarbonisation of the system. » HRE 2050 – scenario representing a highly-decarboni- sed energy system with a redesigned heating and coo- ling sector, which also includes energy savings. This sce- nario is solely based on proven technologies and does not depend on unsustainable amounts of bioenergy. In the modelled energy efficiency scenario for 2050 (HRE 2050), DH is supplied mostly by decarbonised energy sources, and 25% of the total DH demand is met by lar- ge-scale HPs. This scenario would bring a higher variety of energy supply to the DH, which will increase the flexi- bility of the system, as well as the security of supply. The HRE 2050 scenario shows that it would be possible to achieve a much more decarbonized DH in 2050 than in the BL 2050 scenario, reducing CO2 emissions by more than 70%. An attractive alternative One of the main objectives of Annex 47 is to show the possibilities regarding the implementation and integra- tion of heat pumps in district heating grids. Thus, one aim was to create an ideas catalogue, which shows diffe- rent implementation cases. 39 different cases have been described where heat pumps are integrated in a district heating grid. Research shows that large heat pumps have been inte- grated in the district heating networks since the 1980’s, especially in the Scandinavian regions. The widespread use of district heating networks and the increasing share of fluctuating power sources such as photo voltaic (PV) and wind power, combined with decreasing electricity prices have been the driving factors, especially in Den- mark. Currently, Sweden is a forerunner using heat pumps in district heating and cooling networks. Approx- imately 7% of the district heating demand is produced by heat pumps. In other countries, the heat pump market consists mainly of devices for the supply of single and multi-family hou- ses. Due to high system temperatures prevailing in many of the heating networks, adapted concepts are needed in order to be able to guarantee the cost-effectiveness of the systems. The aim of current research projects such, as fit4power2heat, is therefore to establish heat pumps by participating in various energy markets as an attrac- tive alternative. In the last few years, many efforts have been initiated all over Europe to foster heat pump inte- gration in district heating and cooling (DHC) networks. Creating a sustainable system The basis for economical operation is the correct design and hydraulic integration of the systems. Advantages can be achieved through different modes of operation. Instead of monovalent operation, additional heat gene- rator(s) for peak load times can save a large part of the investment costs and risks. Different circuit options can be used in order to achieve optimum operation of the system. Depending on which 28 HPT MAGAZINE VOL.38 NO 1/2020PDF Image | Integration of Heat Pumps into the Future Energy
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