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4. Hydronic systems can be easily used to store energy. A low-cost 50-gallon storage tank, for example, can provide 4-7 kWh of useable storage without negatively affecting occupant needs (Eustis 2016). 5. Benefits of iASHP Lower Costs. A mature iASHP market should result in lower total energy cost (to the economy) through, lower operating costs from greater energy efficiency and the potential benefits to electric utility through the demand management capabilities of an iASHP. The initial incremental cost of the technologies will likely decrease over time as soft costs and non-reoccurring engineering and manufacturing costs become negligible at market maturity5. GHG Reduction. Conventional air source heat pumps have an on-site heating efficiency roughly 3 times that of the combustion driven heating, but currently have comparable overall greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions when transmission, distribution, generation, and refrigerant losses are included. However, this is not true when viewed from a future state where ASHP technology has matured, refrigerants have changed, and utilities have shifted substantially to renewable energy sources. To understand the full relative greenhouse gas emissions from a future state iASHP we calculated the total global warming impact of providing 1 million BTU of heat to a space from several heat sources. The results of this analysis are shown in Figure 2. The analysis included all transmission losses, generation efficiencies, seasonal operating efficiencies of the heating systems, electric power draw standby, distribution (fans and pumps), and gas leakage values. 5 Conversations under NDAs with manufacturer product engineer and university research scientists. ©2018 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings 1-7PDF Image | Lync Diagram
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
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