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7th European Thermal-Sciences Conference (Eurotherm2016) IOP Publishing Journal of Physics: Conference Series 745 (2016) 032157 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/745/3/032157 suggested to acquire a reasonable system COP. Expansion work recovery devices will be implemented in the next studies to further improve the total COP. These kinds of CO2 chiller units are especially attractive for buildings in regions with both AC and heating requirements; they are introduced in the northern European market. CO2 chillers are able to generate hot water at temperatures above 65 °C, i.e. for integrated energy concepts CO2 is an energy efficient chiller solution. For regions with higher ambient temperatures, equal enhancement strategies as applied in the supermarket refrigeration systems (ejectors) have to be applied to significantly increase the COP. 2.6 HVAC units for public transport vehicles Hafner et al. [9] presented opportunities for the usage of CO2 air conditioning system in public trains. These systems shall provide cooling in the summer and heating in the winter. Today 75% of the air conditioning systems in trains use HFC-134a as refrigerant (GWP of HFC-134a is 1410 kgeq.CO2/kg) the remaining 25% apply HFC-407C (GWP: 1774 kgeq.CO2/kg). Due to the enforcement and the resulting cost consequences of the European F-gas regulation, this sector has to find alternative working fluids. Flammable working fluids, even with a slow burning velocity, are not an option due to safety requirements inside tunnels and during rescue operations. The principal CO2 cycle with airflows in heating and cooling mode are shown in figure 6. Arrows below the heat exchanger pointing upwards indicates the airflow which enters the heat exchanger from the passenger compartment side, while the arrows pointing downwards indicate the airflows which enters the compartment. Arrows above the heat exchangers indicate the airflow from and to ambient. Cooling mode GC2 GC1 Heating mode IHX GC2 IHX Ejector GC1 EV1 EV2 Ejector EV1 EV2 Valve A dual ejector supported CO2 HVAC unit, applicable for trains is shown in figure 7. It requires a 3-2 directional valve and a shut off valve to reverse the operation. The heat exchangers are divided into Valve Figure 6. HVAC unit layout with ejector in heating & cooling mode, including corresponding air flows. 10 Separator Separator Compressor CompressorPDF Image | R744 ejector technology
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