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Energies 2019, 12, 457 Heat Pump Components 4 of 35 Table 2. Recent significant studies on CO2 heat pump system components. References Yin et al. [11] Xie et al. [14] Chen [15] Type of Study Theoretical Experimental √√ Unique System Features Nature of Study Major Findings - Predicted the gas cooler capacity within ± 2% error √√ - - Gas-liquid separator - - Optimal gas cooler temperature √ - - Pinch point analysis Energy - Microchannel gas cooler √ - 3-pass tubes - Pre-evaporator Exergy IHX √ - Oil eliminator - 3-pass design is the best suited for CO2 gas cooler - Multi-pass gas cooler showed higher pressure drop - Multi-slab instead of multi-pass could improve the performance - ηmax = 56% at evaporating temperature of 5 ◦ C Counter-flow tube in √ tube gas cooler Optimal pressure was 7.5 Mpa Gas Cooler was 38 ◦C - More accurate gas cooler design method than LMTD - LMTD method overestimates gas cooler conductance - The gas cooler could be oversized by 30% to 40% - The pinch point effect was not significant for low mass flow ratio - To increase the COP water side heat, the transfer coefficient needs to be increased Increasing the number of inner tubes could increase the outlet water temperature - A gas cooler pressure drop increases sharply with the number of tubes - Water-cooled system - Microchannel HX Yang et al. [18] √√ - Multi-twisted-tube type HX - Double pipe copper HX √ -PDF Image | Recent Advances in Transcritical CO2 (R744) Heat Pump System
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