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Energies 2019, 12, 457 Categorization 21 of 35 References Cho et al. [124] Chaichana et al. [125] Jin et al. [126] Jin et al. [127] Kim et al. [128] Type of Study Table 3. Cont. Salient Design Features Applications - Heating - Heating - Heating - Cooling - Heating - Cooling - Heating Major Findings Theoretical √ √ √ √ √ Experimental √ - - - - - - - - - - - - - R744 and R22 as working fluid Solar collector Used two IHXs CO and NH3 as the 2 working fluids Air-cooled and water-cooled gas cooler Ground borehole as the heat sink in heating mode Ambient air and ground borehole as the heat sink in cooling mode Reverse transcritical cycle Reheated gas cooler Ground HX Solar collector Used two IHX Ground HX - R744 HP had a low cost - COP was 3.21–2.75 in cloudy days with 20% increase in sunny days for R744 system - R744 had higher irreversibilities - R744 had lower higher 2nd law efficiency compared to R22 - Capital cost was low - Results indicated that CO2 was not suitable for low critical pressure and temperature - CO2 had low COP compared to NH3 and R22 - Could save 10.2% total costs for 10 years operation - COPcool varied from 2.2 to 4.1 - COPheat varied from 2.53 to 3.15 - Optimal control of gas cooler pressure based on: the optimal COP value and the ratio of heat rejected to ambient air - Combined COP varied from 3.0 to 5.5 for space conditioning and hot water with the service hot water supply of 65 ◦ C - Compressor power consumption increased from 4.5 to 5.3 - The differential of pressure ratio between the inlet and the outlet of the compressor increased by 19.9% due to an increase in compressor work Hybrid Geothermal √PDF Image | Recent Advances in Transcritical CO2 (R744) Heat Pump System
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