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3 – Theoretical Background and System Analysis When comparing a real transcritical CO2 heat pump cycle with the ideal Lorentzen cycle, the temperature approach1 at the gas cooler outlet in the ideal cycle is assumed to be zero. A fundamental problem arises, however, regarding the selection of the gas cooler (high-side) pressure for the ideal cycle, since the CO2 outlet temperature from the gas cooler, the heating capacity and the COP of a real transcritical CO2 heat pump cycle are all affected by the high-side pressure (ref. Appendix A2.3 and A2.4). Since there is no acknowledged method for determining the required high-side pressure in an ideal Lorentzen cycle at fixed temperature conditions for the heat sink, the high-side pressure of the ideal cycle must be set as the high-side pressure of the real cycle. Figure 3.3 shows the COP of the ideal Lorentzen heat pump cycle as a function of the CO2 outlet temperature from the gas cooler and the high- side pressure. The evaporation temperature is 0oC. 10 MPa (82oC) 9 MPa (73oC) 12 MPa (98oC) 7.5 MPa (58oC) 8 MPa (63oC) Variable high-side pressure 8 6 4 2 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 CO2 Outlet Temperature [°C] Figure 3.3 The COP for the ideal Lorentzen cycle as a function of the CO2 outlet temperature from the gas cooler and the high- side pressure. The evaporation temperature is 0oC. 3.2.2 The Transcritical CO2 Heat Pump Cycle The real transcritical CO2 heat pump cycle, which is often referred to as the Lorentzen Cycle, is characterized by the following changes of state: 1 The difference between the CO2 outlet temperature and the inlet air/water temperature in a counter-flow gas cooler is denoted the temperature approach (∆TA). 29 COP [-]PDF Image | Residential CO2 Heat Pump System for Combined
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
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