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3 – Theoretical Background and System Analysis 1 – 2 2 – 3 3 – 4 4 – 1’ 1’ – 1 3.2.2.1 Irreversible polytropic non-adiabatic compression Non-isobaric supercritical heat rejection (gliding temp.) Non-isenthalpic (non-adiabatic) expansion Non-isobaric (i.e. non-isothermal) heat absorption Non-isobaric superheating of the suction gas The Coefficient of Performance (COP) Figure 3.4 shows the calculated COP of a single-stage transcritical CO2 heat pump cycle as a function of the CO2 outlet temperature from the gas cooler and the high-side pressure. In the calculations it has been assumed -5oC evaporation temperature, 5 K suction gas superheat, 60% isentropic compressor efficiency and 10% heat loss from the compressor. These are operating parameters that are typical for residential brine-to-water heat pump units. The temperatures in the brackets are the CO2 inlet tempera- tures for the gas cooler. 5 4 3 2 1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 CO2 Outlet Temperature [°C] 12 MPa (132oC) 10 MPa (112oC) 9 MPa (104oC) 7.5 MPa Variable high-side pressure (82oC) 8 MPa (89oC) Figure 3.4 The COP for a single-stage transcritical CO2 heat pump cycle as a function of the CO2 outlet temperature from the gas cooler and the high-side pressure. The evaporation temperature is -5oC. From Figure 3.4 the following observation can be made: ♦ Compared to the ideal Lorentzen cycle, the discharge gas tempera- ture has increased by 25 to 35 K, whereas the COP has dropped by roughly 40 to 45% at CO2 outlet temperatures below 30oC. 30 COP [-]PDF Image | Residential CO2 Heat Pump System for Combined
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
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