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3 – Theoretical Background and System Analysis ♦ The CO2 mass flow rate: o the suction pressure and temperature o the compressor swept volume and rotational speed o the volumetric efficiency of the compressor ♦ The high-side pressure (ref. Appendix A2.4) There is a close interaction between the operational characteristics of the space heating and DHW systems, the configuration of the gas cooler units and the performance of the CO2 heat pump system. Figure 3.9 shows the principle of the following gas cooler configurations: a) Parallel connection of two gas cooler units for space heating (SH) and hot water heating (DHW). b) Serial connection of two gas cooler units for space heating (SH) and hot water heating (DHW), where the DHW gas cooler is located before the SH gas cooler. c) Serial connection of two gas cooler units for space heating (SH) and hot water heating (DHW), where the DHW gas cooler is located after the SH gas cooler. d) Serial connection of three gas cooler units for preheating of hot water (DHW-P), space heating (SH) and reheating of hot water (DHW-R). The proposed gas cooler configurations will lead to the same CO2 outlet temperature in the space heating (SH) mode and the DHW mode, as long as the operating conditions and the total heat transfer surfaces for the gas cooler units are identical. When applying counter-flow heat exchangers, the theoretical limit for the CO2 outlet temperature for each gas cooler will be the inlet water temperature. For the parallel gas cooler configuration (a), the resulting CO2 temperature Td at the outlet of the gas coolers in the combined heating mode is calculated as: (3.4) where the subscripts refer to Figure 3.9, p is the supercritical pressure, h is the specific enthalpy, and m& is the CO2 mass flow rate. As an example, at equal mass flow rates, 10 MPa high-side pressure and CO2 outlet tempera- tures of 30 and 10oC for the SH and DHW gas cooler units, respectively, the resulting CO2 temperature will be approximately 21oC. m⋅h+m⋅h h (T , p ) = & 2 b & 3 c ddd (m+m) &2 &3 35PDF Image | Residential CO2 Heat Pump System for Combined
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
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