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3 – Theoretical Background and System Analysis ∆ E = (E − E ) + (E − E ) + (E − E ) ( 3 . 7 ) &tot &H,in &H,out &Q,in &Q,out &P,in &P,out where the subscripts in and out refer to exergy transfer in and out of the component or sub-system. The variables refer to exergy transfer due to fluid flows (EH), heat transfer (EQ) and transmission of electric power or mechanical work (EP) across the component/system boundary. The exergy losses in W for the evaporator, the hermetic/semihermetic compressor, the tripartite gas cooler, the expansion valve and the space heating system are calculated as shown in Eqs. (3.8) to (3.13). In the equations, the subscripts H and C refer to the “hot” CO2 flow and the “cold” secondary flow (water), respectively. Here m& H is the CO2 mass flow rate, Q& is the heating capacity or heat load, P is the compressor power input, T0 is the reference (ambient) temperature andTC is the logarithmic average temperature for the secondary flow. The exergy loss for the evaporator (E) is calculated as: ∆E=m⋅[(h −h )−T⋅(s −s )] & E & H H,in H,out 0 H,in H,out (3.8) The exergy loss for the hermetic/semi-hermetic compressor (C) including the motor efficiency and the heat loss from the compressor shell, is calculated as: ∆E =P−m ⋅[(h −h )−T ⋅(s −s )]− (3.9) &C &H H,out H,in 0 H,out H,in [P−m⋅(h −h)]⋅THL−T0 &H H,out h,in THL where T is the resulting average air temperature when heat is given off HL from the compressor shell due to non-adiabatic compression. The total exergy loss for the tripartite gas cooler (GC) is calculated as: n=3⎡ ∆E = m ⋅[(h T −T ⎤ &C0 (3.10) ∑ ⎢ H &GC & )]−Q⋅ where n is the number of the gas cooler unit. The average temperature for H,in −h H,out )−T ⋅(s 0 H,in −s H,out ⎥ TC ⎦n n=1⎣ the cold flow (water) during the heat transfer process is calculated as: 46PDF Image | Residential CO2 Heat Pump System for Combined
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
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