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5 – Experimental Results 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 Time [h] Hot water thermocline Entire thermocline, Tm Cold water thermocline Figure 5.58 The measured average temperature for the thermocline zones above and below the steel plate as well the average temperature for the entire thermocline zone. The experi- mental data are from Figure 5.56. ♦ The growth rate of the thermocline zone (∂HTC/∂t) decreased gradually during the test period. This was expected since the heat flux between the reservoirs is roughly inversely proportional to the extent of the thermocline zone (ref. Section 3.3.3.3). As an example, the growth rate at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours and 4 hours was about 35, 25, 15 and 10 litres/h, respectively. ♦ The average water temperature (Tm) for the entire thermocline was virtually identical to the arithmetic mean of the initial hot and cold water temperatures (~29oC). This was expected since the variations in the thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity and density of water at the actual temperature range are quite small (NIST, 2002). Charging Mode (Dynamic Thermocline) In these experiments the outlet water temperature from the bottom of the 200 litre DHW tank, which was filled with 80 litres of cold city water and 120 litres of hot water, was measured at varying water flow rates. Figure 5.59 shows the measured outlet water temperature from the 200 litre DHW tank as well as the average temperature of the dynamic thermocline zone. The initial city water temperature was approximately 4.8oC, the initial hot water temperature ranged from 54.7 to 56.7oC, and 164 Temperature [°C]PDF Image | Residential CO2 Heat Pump System for Combined
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
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