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5 – Experimental Results By using the temperature measurements from Figure 5.56, the volume of the thermocline zone was calculated according to Eq. (3.27) in Section 3.3.3.3, Conductive Heat Transfer Inside the DHW Tank. The cross-sec- tional area of the tank was 0.196 m2. The results are presented in Figure 5.57. 80 60 40 20 0 02468 Time [h] Figure 5.57 The estimated development of the thermocline zone volume during a period of 8 hours. The calculations were based on the experimental data in Figure 5.56. Figure 5.58 shows the development of the average temperature for the thermocline zones above and below the steel plate as well as the average temperature of the entire thermocline zone. The estimated temperatures were based on the experimental data presented in Figure 5.56. The experimental results can be summarized as follows: ♦ The considerable temperature change in the hot and cold water reser- voirs during the test period was mainly due to the conductive heat transfer between the reservoirs, and the heat transfer through the tank walls played a minor role. ♦ After 30 minutes, the thermocline comprised as much as 20 litres of water. That clearly demonstrates that even at moderate temperature differences (50 K) and relatively short tapping/charging periods, the conductive heat transfer between the water reservoirs will lead to a noticeable increase in the average outlet temperature from the tank during the charging period, which in turn will reduce the COP of a CO2 heat pump (ref. Section 3.3.3, Exergy Losses in the DHW Tank). 163 Volume of Thermocline Zone [litres]PDF Image | Residential CO2 Heat Pump System for Combined
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