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6 – Modelling The simulated temperature gradients or thermoclines represent the mini- mum temperature change in the reservoirs and with that the minimum possible exergy loss in the DHW tank (ref. Section 3.3.3, Exergy Losses in the DHW Storage Tank). In a practical system, however, the inlet and outlet water flow will lead to mixing of the water at different temperature levels, and thereby increase the thermodynamic losses. 6.2.3.2 The Water Volume of the Thermocline Zone The total water volume of the thermocline zone3 was determined by analysing the thermoclines at varying temperature conditions. Figure 6.23 shows an example of the estimated thermocline volume for the simulated DHW tank at 60/10oC and 80/10oC initial water temperatures. 60-10°C 80-10°C 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Time, τ [h] Figure 6.23 The estimated volume of the thermocline zone at 60/10oC and 80/10oC initial water temperatures, 20oC ambient air temperature and a U-value of 1.05 W/(m2K). The total volume of the thermocline zone VTC could be expressed as a logarithmic function of the retention time τ, i.e. VTC = [22.9·ln(τ)+30.9] ±1.5%. The weighted mean temperature of the thermocline zone was roughly the arithmetic mean of the initial water temperatures. 3 The water volume in the DHW tank where the temperature has changed due to conduc- tive heat transfer between the hot and the cold water reservoirs (ref. Section 3.3.3.3) 200 Volume of Thermocline Zone [litres]PDF Image | Residential CO2 Heat Pump System for Combined
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