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2062 J. Sarkar et al. / Energy Conversion and Management 46 (2005) 2053–2067 generation rate at the lower pressure in the expansion valve, the irreversibility decreases as the area ratio increases. Although the irreversibility due to pressure loss is negligible compared to the total exergy loss (Fig. 4), that for the evaporator is significantly more than that yielded by the internal heat exchanger and gas cooler. This could be attributed to the pressure drop in the evaporator being more than that in the gas cooler and internal heat exchanger due to both fric- tional and momentum effects. The effect of water inlet temperature at a compressor speed of 2900 rpm, ambient temperature of 30 °C and area ratio of 1.8 is shown in Figs. 5 and 6. As the water inlet temperature increases, the system COP decreases due to an increase in compressor work and also due to the decrease in cooling output. The water inlet temperature has a negligible effect on the refrigerant mass flow rate. However, the optimum discharge pressure increases rapidly with increasing water inlet tem- 5 25 24 System COP Exergetic efficiency 4.5 4 3.5 23 22 21 20 19 3 18 20 25 30 35 40 Water inlet temperature (oC) Fig. 5. System performance with varying water inlet temperature. 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 20 25 30 35 40 Water inlet temperature (oC) Fig. 6. Variation of component irreversibility with water inlet temperature. Compressor Internal HEX Exp. device Evaporator Gas cooler Component irreversibility (%) System COP Exergetic efficiencyPDF Image | Transcritical CO2 heat pump systems
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