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J. Sarkar et al. / Energy Conversion and Management 46 (2005) 2053–2067 2061 Both system COP and exergetic efficiency increase initially with area ratio (ratio of gas cooler effective surface area to that of evaporator, here simply the length ratio as both have the same diameter) and, beyond a certain value, decrease as is evident from Fig. 2. Although the system COP attains a maximum at an area ratio of about 1.8, the exergetic efficiency reaches its maxi- mum at an area ratio of about 1.85. The irreversibility of the evaporator increases and that of the gas cooler decreases with increase in area ratio (Fig. 3). This is attributed to the fact that the effective temperature difference in the evaporator rises while that in the gas cooler drops with an increase in area ratio. The irreversibility of the internal heat exchanger decreases for larger area ratio values since the pressure for both the fluids drops. However, as shown, the influence of the internal heat exchanger on system performance is marginal. Because of a decrease in the entropy 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 1.5 2 2.5 Heat exchanger area ratio Fig. 3. Variation of component irreversibility with heat exchanger area ratio. Compressor Internal HEX Exp. valve Evaporator Gas cooler 0.75 0.65 0.55 0.45 0.35 0.25 0.15 0.05 Fig. 4. Influence of heat exchanger area ratio on irreversibility due to pressure drop. Evaporator Internal HEX Gas cooler 1 1.5 2 2.5 Heat exchanger area ratio Irreversibility due to pressure drop (%) Component irreversibility (%)PDF Image | Transcritical CO2 heat pump systems
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