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Rapport 2414173 - October 2007 __________________________________________________________________ Table 1 : Environmental impacts and properties of some refrigerants R12 -29 100.9 40.6 0.9 8100 mineral no R22 -40.8 96.2 49.8 0.055 1500 mineral no Pure HFCs Fluid Boiling point (°C) Critical temperature (°C) Critical pressure (bar) ODP 1 GWP (100 yrs) Oil Flam. R23 -82.1 25.6 48.2 0 12000 ester no R32 -51.6 78.4 58.3 0 650 ester yes R125 -48.5 68.0 36.3 0 2500 ester no R143a -47.6 73.1 37.6 0 4300 ester yes R134a -26.5 101.1 40.7 0 1200 ester no R152a -25.0 113.5 45.2 0 140 ester yes HFC mixtures R407C3 -44.0 86.8 46.0 0 1600 ester no R410A2 -50.5 72.5 49.6 0 1900 ester no R404A2 -46.4 72.1 37.4 0 3300 ester no Natural refrigerants R290 (propane) -42.1 96.8 42.5 0 < 20 mineral yes R600a (isobutane) -11.7 135.0 36.5 0 < 20 mineral yes CO2 (R744) -56.6 @ 5.2 bars 31.0 73.8 0 1 PAG no R717 (ammonia) -33.3 132.2 113.5 0 0 mineral yes 1: reference R11 2 : azeotrope or quasi-azeotrope 3: average of dew and bubble point temperatures However, as of year 2007, there is virtually no ideal alternative to the current HFC refrigerants and, provided all the technological challenges are dealt with (in terms of safety, equipment mechanical resistance to working pressures, flammability, etc), natural refrigerants seem to be the most viable options, particularly in heat pumping equipment. The applications of some natural fluids are discussed below, while a specific section will be devoted to carbon dioxide. __________________________________________________________________________________________ SHERPHA PROJECT - Transcritical R744 Heat Pumps – Technician's Manual 7/63PDF Image | Transcritical R744 (CO2) Heat Pumps 2017
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