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toxic and harmful wastes are also released to the environment which even cause air, water and land pollution in addition to releasing green gasses. An alternative to HFCs is to apply naturally occurring and ecologically safe substances, the so-called natural working fluids. The most important substances in this category are hydrocarbons, ammonia, carbon dioxide (CO2), water and air. Table 1: Properties of some refrigerants [1, 2]. Refrigerant Critical temperature (oC) Critical Pressure (bar) ODP GWP (100 years) Flammable or Explosive Toxicity CFCs and HCFCs R12 100.9 R22 96.2 Pure HFCs R32 78.4 R134a 101.1 R152a 113.5 HFC mixtures R404A 72.1 R407C 86.8 R410A 72.5 Natural refrigerants Propane (R290) 96.8 Isobutane (R600a) 135.0 Ammonia (R717) 132.2 Carbon dioxide (R744) 31.0 40.6 0.9 8100 No No 49.8 0.055 1500 No No 58.3 0 650 Yes No 40.7 0 1200 No No 45.2 0 140 Yes No 37.4 0 3300 No No 46.0 0 1600 No No 49.6 0 1900 No No 42.5 0 3 Yes No 36.5 0 3 Yes No 113.5 0 0 Yes Yes 73.8 0 1 No No As seen in table 1, CO2 can be regarded as the best refrigerant because it is non-toxic, non- flammable and does not contribute to ozone depletion or global warming. CO2 meet all the basic requirements of a refrigerant in that it is readily available and not expensive. Also it has excellent thermo-physical properties and transport properties, leading to good heat transfer; it is not corrosive and is compatible with various common materials. In addition, it has efficient compression properties and compact system design due to high volumetric capacity and high operating pressures [3-5]. In this study, a heat pump that uses CO2 as the refrigerant was constructed and utilized to give out typical output of these types of equipments. 1.2 Trans-critical cycle 317PDF Image | TYPICAL INITIAL OUTPUT OF A CO2 HEAT PUMP
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