PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 014
Energies 2010, 3 1512 performances were obtained, with the highest power density of 20 mW cm−2. The basic properties of the MORGANE®-ADP membrane at 25 °C are shown in Table 3 [99]. Methanol diffusion coefficients were measured by monitoring the transfer of methanol from pure methanol solution across the membrane into a NaOH solution. The methanol diffusion coefficient for Nafion is about 2.8 times higher than that for the ADP membrane. This indicates that the methanol crossover rate for ADP membrane will be potentially lower than Nafion, which may improve fuel cell performance. However, the ADP membrane is not stable in strong alkaline media. The suggested working pH is up to a value of pH 11. In fact, discolouring of the ADP membrane in 1 M NaOH was observed. This could affect the stability and the lifetime of a fuel cell with an ADP membrane. Table 3. Basic properties of the MORGANE®-ADP membrane [21]. Membrane Material Exchange group Thickness/m fully humidified Resistance (in 0.6 M NaCl)/.cm2 Resistance (in 1 M NaOH)/ Maximum operational temperature/°C Working pH MORGANE®-ADP Cross-linked fluorinated polymer Quaternary ammonium 150–160 1.5–4.5 0.5 55 0-10 Researches on using few ammonium-type AEM membranes from Tokuyama Co. Japan have been reported. A201 (developing code A-006) and A901 were used for alkaline fuel cells with ethanol [34,96,104] and AHA were used for DAAFC using other alcohols [13]. Basic properties of these membranes are given in Table 4. With A201 at 80 °C, the power density of 55 mW cm−2 supplied by a passive system and 170 mW cm−2 obtained from an active system were reported [96]. The maximum power density of 9 mW cm-2 was obtained from fuel cells using 1 M EG in 1M KOH at 25 °C and AHA [13]. Fumatech has also developed AEMs, but studies on applying these membranes are still undergoing and no report on these studies has been published. Research on developing anion exchange membranes with high ionic conductivity and good chemical stability in alkaline media as well as low alcohol permeability have been carried out by several groups. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF, -[CH2CF2]n-) and polytetrafluoroetheneco- hexafluoropropylene (FEP, -[CF2CF2]n[CF(CF3)CF2]m-) films grafted with vinylbenzyl chloride using radiation-grafting are compared [105,106]. The FEP membrane showed good properties suitable for the fuel cell application, and it is possible to use these new materials in DAAFC development. However, the cost of FEP is relatively high. A number of other membrane materials have been reported for application in DMAFCs, such as polysiloxane containing quaternary ammonium groups [107], aminated poly(oxyethylene) methacrylates [108], quaternised polyethersulfone Cardo [109], and quaternised poly(phthalazinon ether sulfone ketone) [110]. The poor stability of these materials in hydroxide electrolytes limited their further application in DMAFC.PDF Image | Aspects of Direct Alkaline Alcohol Fuel Cells
PDF Search Title:
Aspects of Direct Alkaline Alcohol Fuel CellsOriginal File Name Searched:
energies-03-01499.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)