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Capturing and Utilizing CO2 from Ethanol: Adding Economic Value and Jobs to Rural Economies and Communities While Reducing Emissions yield a third to half of the original oil in place. By producing additional incremental oil in a tertiary phase, CO2-EOR can further increase a formation’s yield by roughly 10-20 percent of the original oil in place. While CO2-EOR operators must inject CO2 for approximately one year before a formation will yield additional oil, the resulting production may continue for up to 30 years, usually peaking for 10 years (between years 5-15). CO2-EOR therefore can provide relatively stable energy production, employment, and benefits to local economies. In addition, CO2-EOR offers economic opportunities for producing oil that compare favorably with other oil production techniques, provided that CO2 can be captured, compressed and delivered by pipeline at an affordable price. The fermentation of corn and biomass to produce ethanol provides a 99.9 percent pure stream of biogenic CO2 from which only excess water must be removed prior to compression and pipeline transport. This process aligns well with the need for affordable and readily available CO2. To realize our nation’s full oil production, carbon storage and jobs potential from CO2-EOR, we will need much more CO2—captured, compressed, transported via pipeline and delivered to oil-bearing formations suitable for injection. The current estimate of CO2 use in EOR is 72 million metric tons (MT) per year; 55 million MT of which comes from geologic sources, and 17 million MT come from manmade or anthropogenic sources. Yet, natural geologic supplies of CO2 are constrained and gradually depleting, so the potential to grow the EOR industry hinges upon increasing the supply of anthropogenic CO2, thereby also reducing net carbon emissions. In that context, low-cost, high-purity biogenic CO2 from fermentation in ethanol production represents a key early target for making additional anthropogenic CO2 available for EOR and thus enabling domestic production of lower-carbon oil. CO2-EOR & Ethanol: Opportunities & Challenges Explained Carbon capture, compression and dehydration systems were installed at the Arkalon and Bonanza ethanol plants in Kansas in 2009 and 2012, respectively, together with the construction of pipelines to transport the CO2 to Texas and Kansas for use in EOR. These commercial operations continue successfully today. However, a combination of conditions made these projects feasible in the market Figure 2: How Carbon Dioxide and Water Can Be Used to Produce Residual Oil Page 12 Prepared by the State CO2-EOR Deployment Work GroupPDF Image | Capturing and Utilizing CO2 from Ethanol
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