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Capturing and Utilizing CO2 from Ethanol: Adding Economic Value and Jobs to Rural Economies and Communities While Reducing Emissions ongoing byproduct innovation and marketing, high purity biogenic CO2 produced during fermentation represents yet another value stream that the ethanol industry can take advantage of to the benefit of carbon management. This paper focuses on the commodity use and geologic storage of CO2 through EOR, as well as storage in saline formations, but there are other distinct and innovative utilization options. Ethanol plants constitute the largest single-sector source of CO2 for U.S. merchant gas markets, and the CO2 produced enters a wide variety of markets, including food, beverage and dry ice applications.13 At least one ethanol plant in Iowa utilizes CO2 from fermentation for algae production, and a range of new technologies are under development to transform CO2 directly into valuable fuels and chemicals. These technologies would all benefit from the policies discussed in this paper, and they have future potential to provide additional value to ethanol producers while reducing carbon emissions. 13 http://ethanolproducer.com/articles/14122/ethanol-industry-provides- critical-co2-supply As previously noted, the ethanol industry already supplies roughly 270,000 MT of CO2 annually for EOR in Kansas and Texas, and ADM expects to inject up to 1.1 million MT annually for saline storage in Illinois. For comparison, Occidental Petroleum, the world leader in CO2-EOR, injects 47 million MT of CO2 annually. The ethanol industry has a strategic opportunity to deploy technology and infrastructure to both increase its revenue and beneficially reduce carbon emissions. Near-term market opportunities are motivating the ethanol industry to explore potential carbon capture and CO2 pipeline projects and to organize and engage with the EOR industry and other stakeholders in support of federal incentives. Unfortunately, challenges to this sector’s widespread participation in carbon management markets are significant. U.S. ethanol production in the Central Plains, Upper Midwest and Midwest is geographically distant from large oil basins with the greatest potential for EOR and storage (Figure 3). Additionally, large-volume, high-pressure pipelines needed to transport CO2 from ethanol over long distances are expensive. Although some U.S. ethanol production occurs near reservoirs Figure 3: Ethanol Plants and Existing CO2 Pipelines Ethanol Plants Existing CO2 Pipeline Source: DOE 2017. Figure authored by GPI, 2017. Page 14 Prepared by the State CO2-EOR Deployment Work GroupPDF Image | Capturing and Utilizing CO2 from Ethanol
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