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with known upper limits of integration. The energy Equation (21) can be solved directly for the heat required to maintain isothermal operation at any operating point. The CEC model allows for accurate determination of coelectrolysis outlet temperature, composition (anode and cathode sides), mean Nernst potential, operating voltage and electrolyzer power based on specified inlet gas flow rates, heat loss or gain, current density, and cell ASR(T). Alternately, for isothermal operation, it allows for determination of outlet composition, mean Nernst potential, operating voltage, electrolyzer power, and the isothermal heat requirement for specified inlet gas flow rates, operating temperature, current density and ASR(T). 2. Implementation of co-electrolysis model into HYSYS Figure 11. Process flow diagram external to the electrolysis module Implementation of the co-electrolysis (CEC) model in HYSYS was done by taking advantage of as many built-in features of the systems-analysis code as possible. Figure 11 provides a process flow diagram (PFD) representing the implementation of the CEC model in HYSYS. The user-specified cold inlet process-gas stream enters at the left. This stream is equilibrated at the desired electrolyzer inlet temperature by means of an equilibrium reactor module that supports the shift reaction as per Equation (12). The hot streams of the shifted and sweep gases enter the electrolysis module. This electrolysis module was developed elsewhere for pure steam electrolysis application. At this level of the model, the user may specify whether the electrolysis process will be isothermal or adiabatic. If the process is isothermal, the temperature of the process outlet stream must be specified, otherwise, the outlet temperature is determined by iteration using an embedded adjust logical (shown as the A within the diamond in Figure 11) until the process heat is zero. Also at this level, an embedded spreadsheet is used to input the electrolysis variables (current density, number of cells, cell area, area specific resistance, etc.). The process flow diagram for the electrolysis module is shown in Figure 12. The, shifted, hot process stream enters a conversion reactor where the steam and/or carbon dioxide are electrolytically reduced. The conversion reactor unit includes both the steam and carbon dioxide reduction reactions. 13 American Institute of Aeronautics and AstronauticsPDF Image | CO2 and Steam Co-Electrolysis for Resource Utilization in Space
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