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Figure 12. Process flow diagram for the electrolysis module with HYSYS Based on the percent conversion of the steam and CO2, the reactor will calculate the heat of reaction. The percent conversion of steam and (or) CO2 is determined by the amount of oxygen generated using Equation (16). This value of the molar flow rate of oxygen produced is stored in a dummy stream. A logical adjust is used to change the percent conversion of steam and carbon dioxide until the oxygen molar flow rate leaving the conversion reactor is the same as the calculated value. The oxygen is split from the rest of the reacted process-gas components by means of a component splitter unit (labeled as “Electrodes” in Figure 12). The split oxygen combines with the sweep gas. The remaining components are passed through a second shift reactor to determine the outlet equilibrium composition. As mentioned earlier, the outlet temperature of both the process and sweep streams are specified, but allowed to adjust if adiabatic conditions are desired. An embedded spreadsheet is used to evaluate the mean Nernst potential, as per Equation (24). Assuming a functional relationship for the Gibbs energy of formation, the definite integral was simplified analytically and this simplified version was programmed into the spreadsheet. Having defined the electrolysis variables, the amount of oxygen production is calculated in the spreadsheet using Equation (19). Based on an assumed outlet temperature, HYSYS proceeds to calculate all the thermodynamics and chemical reactions of the process resulting in outlet compositions for the process and sweep streams. Then the spreadsheet can calculate the mean Nernst potential by evaluating the simplified triple integral as per Equation (24). The operating voltage is obtained from Equation (23) and the electrolysis power is calculated by multiplying the operating voltage with the total current. HYSYS inherently assures that the energy balance as per Equation (21) is satisfied, which allows the process heat to be calculated by summing the electrolysis power with the total enthalpy differences from the electrolysis process and from the second shift reactor. If the outlet temperature is specified to be the same as the inlet temperature (isothermal operation), the calculation is complete and the process heat is known. If the process is specified to be adiabatic, the outlet temperature is adjusted until the process heat is zero. The process flow sheet automatically assures mass and energy balances. 3. Co-electrolysis integrated Sabatier process: with heat recuperation option The Sabatier-co-electrolysis integrated model was developed by replacing the default elctrolysis process with the co-electrolysis module. The overall process was also modified so that water is mixed with the incoming carbon dioxide before the co-electrolysis process, as shown in Figure 13. Recycled water is combined with the incoming, main water stream and preheated through the low temperature recuperating heat exchanger. Carbon dioxide is mixed 14 American Institute of Aeronautics and AstronauticsPDF Image | CO2 and Steam Co-Electrolysis for Resource Utilization in Space
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