CO2 removal from air for alkaline fuel cells operating with liquid H2

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CO2 removal from air for alkaline fuel cells operating with liquid H2 ( co2-removal-from-air-alkaline-fuel-cells-operating-with-liqu )

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-'. beds being regenerated by a proportion o f the purified gas, first heated to 2S0-3S0°C for desorption, and then cooled to increase capacity. These factors mean a large bed size, and high regeneration energy requirements. Bockris and Appleby[S4-p121] state that molecular sieves may be used to give CO2 levels in the exit gas of 1ppm. Piperopoulou and Bloomfield[17] give the CO2 partial pressure in the exit gas from Linde 4A and SA molecular sieves as Imm Hg, which is higher than that found in the atmosphere. They state categorically that due to this, molecular sieves may only be used for fuel side CO2removal. 2.1.3 In-cell electrochemical removal A system for electrochemical regeneration of the electrolyte in the fuel cell itself, has been developed at Pratt and Whitney and is described by Appleby and Foulkes[13- p270]. In this system electrochemical removal of CO2can be achieved, after electrolyte carbonation has occurred. This is done by operating the fuel cell at high current densities for some time. This creates a very low hydroxyl ion concentration at the anode causing the formation of bicarbonate and free carbonic acid which is then decomposed into CO2, The CO2evolved at the anode is flushed out with H2 gas and vented from the system. To increase the operating time prior to regeneration, electrolyte circulation is used. The OR gradient is enhanced by membrane diffusion barriers. The necessary wider electrode gaps and diffusion barriers reduce the performance of the fuel cell. It is unclear whether the overall performance of the cell still degrades over time. The authors state that with each regeneration the cell voltage returns almost to that prior to the test. It is also unclear what the effect is of operating the cell at four times (400mA/cm2) its normal current density for the regeneration period 100 hours. Other methods such as CO2 removal using membrane processes have been proposed for air side CO2 removal. Some of these have been evaluated by McCray et al.[SS]. and Lee et al.[S6] for CO2 removal from breathing atmospheres in space applications. These meet the stringent criteria of minimum weight, volume and energy consumption for that application. They have not been demonstrated for CO2removal to concentrations as low as a few ppm. 2.1 Methods of air side CO2 removal 11

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